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Estate of Jack Slee v. Werner Erhard
''Slee v. Erhard'' is a legal case that was filed in 1984 against Werner Erhard, his company Werner Erhard and Associates (''WE&A''), and an instructor for Erhard Seminars Training (''est''), by the executor of the estate of Jack Slee. The jury ruled against the plaintiff and found that the defendants did not cause Slee's death. Slee was a graduate of the University of Connecticut who worked as a bank manager when he registered for the est training in 1983. On his registration form for the est training Slee wrote that he wanted to work on nervousness interacting with strangers in a group setting. He attended the seminar at the Park Plaza Hotel in New Haven, Connecticut, on August 14, 1983. After participating in a 16-hour session of the est training, Slee collapsed during a portion of the seminar known as "the danger process". He was transported by emergency workers to Yale-New Haven Hospital, where he was declared dead by physicians due to "undetermined causes".
An autopsy was performed on August 16, 1983, but was unable to determine cause of death. New Haven police investigated the death, but were unable to find evidence of foul play. In November 1983, the office of the Connecticut state medical examiner issued a report stating that Slee's death may have been related to stress. The police investigation into the matter was closed the same month.
In September 1984, Jack Slee's mother filed a US$5 million wrongful death lawsuit against Erhard and his company. The suit asserted that mental stress from the est training, including mind control techniques, psychological and group pressures resulted in the death of her son. On September 21, 1984, representatives of Erhard denied that the est training was involved in Slee's death. The case was held in the United States District Court for the District of Connecticut, and was presided over by Judge José A. Cabranes. In October 1992, a jury ruled that Erhard and his company had been negligent, and were responsible for severe emotional distress suffered by Slee. However, the jury found that the defendants "did not proximately cause" Slee's death. Slee's estate did not receive any monetary award. The plaintiffs appealed the case to the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, where the decision of the lower court was affirmed.
==Background==
Werner Erhard (born John Paul Rosenberg), a California-based former salesman, training manager and executive in the encyclopedia business, created the Erhard Seminars Training (''est'') course in 1971. est was a form of Large Group Awareness Training, and was part of the Human Potential Movement. est was a four-day, 60-hour self-help program given to groups of 250 people at a time. The program was very intensive: each day would contain 15–20 hours of instruction.〔 During the training, est personnel utilized jargon to convey key concepts, and participants had to agree to certain rules that remained in effect for the duration of the course. Participants were taught that they were responsible for their life outcomes, and were promised a dramatic change in their self-perception.〔 est was controversial. While some critics characterized the training methods as brainwashing,〔 proponents and participants asserted that it had a profoundly positive impact on people's lives.〔 By 1984 nearly half a million people had completed the est training, including public figures and mental health professionals.〔〔http://www.erhardseminarstraining.com/?page_id=671〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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